Approximately four brief patrol contacts. Individual records rely mainly on reporting from one side.
Last updated:
MILITARY CONFLICT ATLAS / 2010–2026
Re-read the fighting through location and source confidence
AS OF 19 JULY 2026
Brief patrol contacts, multi-front artillery battles, and mine and explosion incidents are not grouped under a single category of “clash.” Military scale and source confidence are displayed separately.
Public sources only / no determination of who opened fire, sovereignty, or responsibility for mine emplacementHeavy-weapons fighting at Preah Vihear / Phra Viharn in February and Ta Muen / Ta Moan–Ta Kwai / Ta Krabei in April–May.
Five days in July and twenty days in December, expanding to air, rocket, and artillery operations.
No large-scale engagement confirmed through 19 July. Explosions, barriers, and mines remain disputed.
01 / GEOGRAPHIC ATLAS
Fighting moved along a border corridor, not a single point
Points on the map are reference locations for fighting and military incidents. Approximate regional points use dashed circles so that they cannot be read as precise strike coordinates or lines of control.
Geographic display● Coordinate point◎ Approximate region— Leader line to avoid overlap
- 1Thma DaVeal Veng District
Night-time fighting in 2010; the Pursat sector in December 2025
- 2Prey ChanBan Nong Ya Kaeo
Post-ceasefire barriers and security incidents; distinguished from fighting between the two militaries
- 3Ta Muen ThomTa Moan Thom
Principal front in April 2011 and July and December 2025
- 4Ta KwaiTa Krabei
Principal front in April 2011 and July and December 2025
- 5Thmar DonThma Doun / ថ្មដូន
Village-level location for the 5 July 2026 explosion; not treated as another name for Chong Krang
- 6O’SmachChong Chom
Intermittent fighting in 2010; a theatre of fighting in December 2025
- 7Preah VihearPhra Viharn
February and April 2011; July and December 2025
- 8around Choam TeChoam Ksan district
Approximate point based on reporting that placed the incident about 20 km east of the temple
- 9Mom BeiChong Bok
May, July, and December 2025; barrier dispute in 2026
Country shapes use Natural Earth 1:110m; locations use WGS84. Public coordinates are used for temples, while representative regional points are used for villages, passes, and reported combat locations. The background country shapes and lines are not a legal boundary-demarcation map and do not represent control.UNESCO coordinates ↗OpenStreetMap ↗Natural Earth ↗
02 / VERIFIED EPISODES
Engagement records and military detail
Casualty figures do not share a single reporting cut-off or scope. The date covered by each source is retained, and different reports are not added together.
View the site-wide Fact Audit →Brief clash near Choam Te
Approximately 20 km east of the Temple of Preah Vihear, Choam Ksan district (location shown approximately)
- Military detail
- Approximately ten minutes of small-arms and rocket fire. Cambodian patrol troops and Thai troops reportedly came into contact.
- Human and regional effects
- Two Thai soldiers were reportedly wounded, while a Thai government spokesperson denied that there were injuries. No Cambodian casualties were reported.
- Audit assessment
- Contemporary reporting exists, but accounts of who opened fire and the number of wounded do not agree. Confirmation by the parties is limited.
Night-time firefight at Thma Da, Veal Veng District
Around Thma Da in Veal Veng district, Pursat province (western border)
- Military detail
- Approximately twenty minutes. Cambodian sources said that AK-47 rifles and B-40 rockets were used by the Cambodian side, and M-16 rifles and shotguns by the Thai side.
- Human and regional effects
- One Thai soldier was reportedly killed and another possibly wounded, but no independent Thai confirmation was obtained.
- Audit assessment
- Because the account depends on one party, casualties and equipment are treated as reported figures.
Intermittent clashes in the Oddar Meanchey sector
Around O’Smach (April) / around Pha Av commune (8 June)
- Military detail
- Following a clash in April, fighting on 8 June lasted approximately thirty minutes in forest during heavy rain. The use of M-79 grenade launchers and B-40 / B-42 rockets was reported.
- Human and regional effects
- No casualties were confirmed in the June incident. Cambodian reporting said that a mortar round landed near a school in the April incident.
- Audit assessment
- Research confirms intermittent clashes in 2010, but records of individual engagements rely mainly on sources from one side. The theatre is therefore shown as a region rather than a precise point.
Four days of fighting on the Preah Vihear / Phra Viharn front
Preah Vihear / Phra Viharn and the Phu Makhuea / Phnom Trap area (Phu Makhuea is also rendered Phu Makua or Phu Makheua in English-language official sources)
- Military detail
- Small arms, RPGs, mortars, and artillery. Thailand’s use of DPICM cluster munitions was also confirmed in later reviews by human-rights organizations.
- Human and regional effects
- The research review recorded at least eight deaths. Residents were displaced from the temple area and border settlements, and competing claims arose over damage to cultural heritage.
- Audit assessment
- Interstate fighting over several days involving heavy weapons. It led to the ICJ’s July provisional-measures order and ASEAN involvement.
Prolonged fighting on the Ta Muen / Ta Moan–Ta Kwai / Ta Krabei front
Ta Muen Thom / Ta Moan Thom and Ta Kwai / Ta Krabei; later expanding to the Preah Vihear / Phra Viharn front
- Military detail
- Rockets, mortars, artillery, and small arms. A second front reportedly opened near Preah Vihear / Phra Viharn on 26 April.
- Human and regional effects
- At least sixteen people had been killed by 29 April; the research review’s final count was approximately eighteen. Displacement across both countries reached about 96,000.
- Audit assessment
- The longest and most intense phase of the 2011 crisis. Because death tolls differ by reporting cut-off, the figures of sixteen and eighteen are not added together.
Interval without large-scale bilateral fighting
The border as a whole
- Military detail
- Tensions over monitoring, deployment, and border management continued, but the public sources audited here did not confirm sustained artillery fighting of the kind seen in 2011.
- Human and regional effects
- Demarcation remained incomplete after the ICJ’s 2013 interpretation judgment. The absence of fighting is not equivalent to resolution of the dispute.
- Audit assessment
- This does not assert that every small-scale incident was absent. It records an interval without large-scale fighting in the public record.
Flashpoint at Mom Bei / Chong Bok
Near the Thailand–Cambodia–Laos tripoint (Emerald Triangle)
- Military detail
- Approximately ten minutes of small-arms fighting. Local commanders coordinated a ceasefire and de-escalation after making contact.
- Human and regional effects
- One Cambodian soldier was killed. Each side accused the other of crossing the border and firing first.
- Audit assessment
- A brief localized engagement that became the starting point for subsequent reinforcements, border restrictions, and a diplomatic crisis. The initiator of firing is not presented as established.
Multi-front fighting expands to at least six locations
Ta Muen, Ta Kwai, the Preah Vihear–Phu Makhuea corridor, Chong An Ma, Mom Bei, and other locations
- Military detail
- Thailand deployed F-16 aircraft, drones, artillery, and rockets. Cambodia used rockets and artillery. Human Rights Watch recorded the Thai military’s account of its use of cluster munitions.
- Human and regional effects
- A later Reuters count recorded at least forty-eight deaths. More than 300,000 people in both countries had been displaced by 28 July, while United Nations material recorded more than 172,000 on the Cambodian side alone.
- Audit assessment
- Five days of international armed conflict. Because the parties’ claims diverge over targets, initiation, and damage assessment, third-party sources are prioritized for equipment and effects.
Mine incidents and post-ceasefire security incidents
Around Phu Makhuea, Huai Ta Maria, and Prey Chan / Ban Nong Ya Kaeo, among other locations
- Military detail
- Thai soldiers were wounded in several antipersonnel-mine incidents. On 17 September, protesters and Thai security forces clashed, and tear gas, rubber bullets, and acoustic devices were used.
- Human and regional effects
- Thailand asserted that new mines had been laid, which Cambodia denied. The September incident caused injuries but is distinguished from fighting between the two militaries.
- Audit assessment
- Military and security incidents that became triggers for findings of ceasefire violations. The date and party responsible for mine emplacement have not been independently confirmed.
Renewed fighting across the border in December
From the northeastern temple complexes to the O’Smach, Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, and Pursat sectors
- Military detail
- Cambodia used rockets and artillery. Thailand used F-16 and Gripen aircraft, drones, artillery, and rockets. United Nations material also recorded a range of capabilities including mines and naval patrols.
- Human and regional effects
- Reuters counted at least 101 deaths and more than 500,000 displaced. The UN Humanitarian Response Forum recorded 644,589 displaced persons within Cambodia as of 25 December.
- Audit assessment
- The geographic and humanitarian effects exceeded those in July. Different displacement figures use different dates and registration methods and are therefore neither directly compared nor added together.
Military incidents under the ceasefire—no large-scale fighting confirmed
Mom Bei / Chong Bok, Chob Ruan, and Thmar Don, among other locations
- Military detail
- Disputes concern maintaining troops in their current positions, barriers and road construction, patrols, mines, and unexploded ordnance. Cambodia described the 5 July explosion as a grenade attack, while Thailand raised the possibility of a mine incident.
- Human and regional effects
- Cambodia announced that four Cambodian soldiers were wounded. The cause has not been independently confirmed, and public sources have not confirmed large-scale engagements between the two militaries of the 2011 or 2025 kind since January 2026.
- Audit assessment
- This is a fragile ceasefire, not calm. The cause of the explosion is not adjudicated; both governments’ claims are presented in parallel.
03 / CAPABILITY & EFFECTS
Focus on employment and effects, not only equipment names
Artillery, mortars, and rockets
The principal capabilities driving the expansion of harm in 2011 and 2025. Area-effect rockets such as the BM-21 create widespread danger near populated areas.
F-16, Gripen, and drones
Deployed by Thailand in 2025. Third-party sources confirm F-16 operations in July and attacks involving F-16 and Gripen aircraft and drones in December.
Mines, cluster munitions, and unexploded ordnance
They impede patrols and returns after fighting ends. Claims about the party responsible for emplacement must be distinguished from priorities for humanitarian clearance.
Small arms, RPGs, and positions
Brief engagements in 2010 and May 2025 began with close-range contacts over patrols, trenches, roads, and temple access.
Under international humanitarian law, the 2025 fighting between the two countries is treated as an international armed conflict. Rules requiring distinction between civilians, civilian objects, and cultural property, and prohibiting indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks, apply. HRW overview ↗
SOURCE CONFIDENCE
Source confidence is part of the fact
Official documents, international organizations, and multiple independent reports agree on the principal points.
The event is confirmed by multiple sources, but its cause, effects, or responsible party remains disputed.
Depends on a statement from one side or a small number of contemporary reports. Figures and locations are reported values.
Order of cross-checking: agreements, courts, and international organizations → international news agencies and human-rights organizations → statements by both governments and militaries → domestic reporting and research. Government statements are used as primary sources for that government’s position, not as independent proof of disputed facts.